Saturday, March 12, 2022

Jerome Gambit: Giovanni Tonetti

 


Readers familiar with the Jerome Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+) might understandably mistake the above photograph as one of an aging British chess player, Joseph Henry Blackburne, whose notorious treatment of an Amateur's Jerome Gambit is probably the best known game with that line.

However, it is Giovanni Tonetti, of Italy, mentioned in yesterday's blog post "Jerome Gambit: How We Got Here", whom we see above.

The picture headlines the blog post "Giovanni Tonetti, the Nestor of the Italian chess players" by Riccardo Moneta - a far more extensive coverage of the man than I originally gave.

Since the earliest Jerome Gambit game that I have uncovered was played by Tonetti in 1863 (when Jerome was about 30 years old, but still about a decade before the Dubuque Chess Journal published Jerome's analysis of the opening), it is relevant to learn more about this early chess argonaut. Especially since Tonetti has nearly been forgotten, as Moneta laments

Giovanni Tonetti, President of the Roman Chess Academy and co-founder (Turin, 1898) of the Italian Chess Union (forerunner of the FSI) together with the secretary of the Academy Prof. Augusto Guglielmetti, would deserve a nice little book dedicated to him, more detailed than these a few lines that I prepared today.

Instead Tonetti was unfortunately almost forgotten. Among the first responsible for the oblivion into which our Nestor fell there is what is perhaps the best known Italian historical text, or the " History of chess in Italy” by Chicco and Rosino, which I do not think has dedicated a single line among his more than 600 pages, apart from the ranking of that first Italian tournament I mentioned above.

I suspect that Alonzo Wheeler Jerome would be sympathetic. As early as 1884, the American Supplement to the "Synopsis," containing American Inventions In the Chess Openings Together With Fresh Analysis in the Openings Since 1882; also a list of Chess Clubs in the United States and Canada, edited by J.W. Miller, covered the Jerome Gambit, noting

We give the fullest analysis of this American invention that has yet been in print. The author is Mr. S. A. Charles, Cincinnati, O.

In any event, I have emailed Riccardo Moneta and asked him if he knows of other Tonetti games with the gambit. I will let you know about his reply.

Friday, March 11, 2022

Jerome Gambit: How We Got Here



The Jerome Gambit is 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc4 4.Bxf7+.

I am sure that the opening was played by someone shortly after the modern rules of play were settled upon. Such games are lost to posterity, however.

It has always been an amateur or club player's opening, although players as strong as grandmasters have played it for fun in blitz games. See "Jerome Gambit: GM vs GM!?" and "Jerome Gambit: All In Good Fun" for examples

The opening has gathered a number of names over the years. Best know is the Kentucky Opening, which is how Joseph Henry Blackburne referred to it in notes to the most famous Jerome Gambit game. Others

There were early references to Jerome's Double Opening and Queen's Gambit in Jerome's Double Opening before the simple Jerome Gambit won out as a name.

The July 13, 1917 issue of Western Mail of Perth, Australia, had a story referring to the opening as "The Verdun Gambit".

American chess legend George Koltanowski, as recorded in the September 1958 issue of the Precita Valley Chess Herald, referred to the "Ashcan Opening", riffing off the name of John E. Ishkan, who had played the opening in a tournament that Kolty had observed.

Editor Gary K. Gifford, in his Unorthodox Openings Newsletter #17, asked, fairly, "Jerome Gambit, or Jerome Gamble?"

Most recently, I have seen a YouTube video referring to the "Headless Chicken" opening.

When I first encountered the line, my thought was "Who is this Jerome guy, and why are they blaming this opening on him?"

So I began searching, looking at books, writing to people.

Who was Alonzo Wheeler Jerome? He was a farmer, an inventor, an author and an American Civil War soldier. His life can be glimpsed in "Alonzo Wheeler Jerome". 

How did Alonzo Wheeler Jerome establish his claim to the Gambit? He published analysis in the Dubuque Chess Journal in 1874. You can see that in "In the Beginning".

Jerome also tested his gambit in over-the-board and correspondence play. The earliest Jerome Gambit game by Jerome that I have found was played against William A. Shinkman in 1874.

The earliest example that I have found of the Jerome Gambit was actually played by Giovanni Tonetti in 1863. The game was published, but the opening was not named the "Tonetti Gambit" - see "Jerome Gambit: Startling Discovery". I have more research to do on Tonetti, but here is a thumbnail sketch

Banker and, in 1883, councilor for the Municipality of Rome. In 1863 he won a thematic tournament on Gambetto Muzio in Rome (+6 = 4 -2) in front of Bellotti, Ferrante and Seni. In 1874 he won a tournament that took place at the Caffè di Santa Chiara in Rome in front of Sprega and Bellotti. He took part in the National Tournament (Rome 1875) finishing second together with Maluta and behind Seni. Between 1891 and 1906 he published a lecture notes, with the collaboration of Ferrante, a "theoretical practical course" on chess, in which he reported a series of lectures held at the Roman Academy of Chess. He also composed numerous problems, many of which were published in his own book. The Italian Chess Federation made the federal library in his name and Salvioli dedicated "The last theory and practice" to him (1914).

This blog will move forward with new games and analyses, even as it delves into the past to uncover the history of 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc4 4.Bxf7+

Thursday, March 10, 2022

Jerome Gambit: No Longer Reaping the Benefits

 


A look at the statistics provided by the blogger.com site shows that last month, February 2022, set a record - for the fewest views of this blog, ever. Given that there are over 160 other months of posts to compare it too, that's quite grim.

Clearly the halcyon days of the boost that followed Grandmaster Aman Hambleton's Jerome Gambit video - visits to the blog in May, 2020 were about 50 times what they were last month - have passed.

I certainly appreciate those who come and check out the world of the Jerome Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+ and relatives). I will work to improve the blog, make it more interesting. It would be great to reach 4,000 blog posts - perhaps by the time this site reaches it's 15th birthday.

I would also be pleased to hear from Readers what they want to see more of. More games? More analysis? More history? More links to video?

My email can be found in the "About Me" section.

Wednesday, March 9, 2022

Jerome Gambit: Painful Slip

 


Making my way through The Database, I look for, among other things, short games - quick wins. Theoretical battles that help clarify debated lines are also helpful - but first I look for "lessons" about what would end a game quickly.

The following game (briefly mentioned in "Jerome Gambit: One King Survives") is a good example of a slip that literally changed a winning (won) game into a lost one. Having been in that kind of situation, I can feel White's pain.


oaitseziom - MORCHID

10 0 blitz, lichess.org, 2022


1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+  

4...Kxf7 5.Nxe5+ Nxe5 6.Qh5+ Ke6 

7.f4 Qf6 8.Rf1 d6 9.fxe5 Qxe5 

In hoping to have Queens exchanged, Black unwittingly offers an immediate end to the game - 10.Qf7 checkmate.

White finds another move that ends the game, but not likely as he intended.

10.Nc3 Qxh5 

White resigned


Painful.

On every move, it is helpful to ask: What does my opponent threaten? What does he allow?


Tuesday, March 8, 2022

Jerome Gambit: A Horrible End


Sometimes the Jerome Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+) player, even with the best of intentions, takes a mis-step and pays for it with a horrible end. 

Consider the following game a Public Service Announcement.


TheCoolWise - Pkphaphama

3 0 blitz, lichess.org, 2022


1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+ 

4...Kxf7 5.Nxe5+ Nxe5 6.Qh5+ Ke6 

7.f4 Qf6 8.c3 

White plans d2-d4, forking the enemy Bishop and Knight - in the abstract, a good idea. It also works against the threat of ...Qf7# by planning to block the supportive Bishop.

However, the loss of tempo quickly shows why the best move in the position is 8.Rf1.

8...Qxf4 9.d4 

The only bail out for White is to exchange Queens with 9.Qf5+ Qxf5 10.exf5+ Kxf5 11.d4 Nxd3+ 12.Kd2 Nxb2 13.Bxb2 Bd6 and Black will have a piece for a pawn.

9...Qxc1+ 10.Kf2 Nd3+ 11.Kg3 Qe3+ 12.Kh4 Be7+ 13.Kg4 Nf2 checkmate


Ouch.

I have only played against this particular line - 7.f4 Qf6 - once, perrypawnpusher - Nivaethan2000, Giuoco Piano thematic, Chess.com, 2016 (1-0, 17), and am glad that I found 8.Rf1.


Monday, March 7, 2022

Jerome Gambit: Recent Tidying

 


Occasional blog posts, years ago, were referred to as "Tidying Up" and dedicated to smaller bits of information that did not rise to, say, the length of an annotated game. 

So, a little bit of recent tidying...

About 3 weeks ago, in "Jerome Gambit: Match!?", I reported receiving a challenge to play a Jerome Gambit match, with each side playing the Jerome as White. I responded quickly, but I have a sense that the match will not happen.

If you have seen any of my annotated games posted here over the last few years, you may have noticed that I play slow games, most at the rate of 1 move / 3 days - although often I send moves, especially obvious ones, much quicker. By contrast, I checked out a few games by my challenger, and he seems to have a taste for 3 minute games. Perhaps that is why he hasn't responded to my suggested time control.

As a test, I went to FICS and played some 3- 4- and 5-minute games, to see how I would do. Not well. I discovered that the only way that I could win was if my opponent dropped a piece or two. That does sound a bit like someone playing the Jerome Gambit, however, so perhaps I should reconsider...

Reflecting upon Yury V. Bukayev's recent post "How To Beat The Aggressive Gunman If The Game Is Important For You" I got to thinking about "pre-moving" in online games - making your next move on your opponent's time, so that it appears instantly (actually, about .1 second, I have read) as soon as he has completed his move. It saves time. I have seen, for example, Grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura frequently pre-move in his 3-minute Jerome Gambit games.

I wrote to Yury
So, I suppose at the beginning of the game, while White is thinking about his first move, Black could pre-move 1...e5, 2...Bc5, 3...Qh4 and 4...Qxf2#. As long as the moves were legal in the positions as they develop, Black's moves would automatically be played by the computer. If White cooperated, the game could go 1.e4 e5 2.c4 Bc5 3.Nc3 Qh4 4.Nf3 Qxf2#. 
Of course, there are some risks for someone who pre-moves. In this case, if White plays 1.e4, he would immediately see 1...e5, but if he then played 2.d4, instead, he would still see  2...Bc5 - but he would happily vary with 3.dxc5. (Likewise, if White played 1.e4, 2.c4 and 3.Nf3, he might be surprised by the pre-moved 3...Qh4, but happily play 4.Nxh4). 
I think Bullet Chess, by Harper and Nakamura, has the funny example of Black pre-moving 1...g6 and 2...Bg7, because he loved to play the Modern Defense. He was disappointed to see White play 1.e4 and then the otherwise ridiculous 2.Bh6, because the computerinstantaneously executed 2...Bg7, and then White executed the bishop with 3.Bxg7.

Finally, in "Jerome Gambit: More Explorations (Part 1 & 2)", I touched on Karl Traxler's reference to the "Blackburne-Jerome gambit."

Recently I exchanged emails with Edward Winter, of Chess Notes authorship

Mr. Winter, 
Chess Note 9334. Two Knights’ Defence (C.N. 7968) refers to the game J. Reinisch - Traxler, Hostouň, 1890, and an Afterword provides a link to Zlatá Praha, 14 October 1892, where Traxler added notes (http://archiv.ucl.cas.cz/index.php?path=ZlataPrahaII/9.1891-1892/48/2_.png). 
Traxler refers to the "Blackmar-Jerome gambit" in a note to move 4, and gives the opening moves of the Jerome Gambit - 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+ Kxf7 5.Nxe5+.
Although I know a good bit about the Jerome Gambit, I do not know what Traxler refers to with "Blackmar-Jerome".
I have not found "Blackmar-Jerome" anywhere else other than in that article.
Are you familiar with the "Blackmar-Jerome", or do you have any insights into what Traxler might me indicating?
Thank you, very much.


Alas, Mr. Winter's reply, as always prompt and pleasant was 

Dear Mr Kennedy,Many thanks for your message of 19 February, which I have been unable to answer until now.Unfortunately I can offer nothing further on the subject, despite some effort.With apologies and best regards.Yours sincerely,

Sunday, March 6, 2022

Jerome Gambit: Another Event That Took Less Time Than It Takes To Tell




Jerome Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+) games played at bullet speed can be both entertaining and educational. 

The following game "took less time than it takes to tell", and has a few serious points to make. 

LuffyChess8 - Champion_A1
1 0 bullet, lichess.org, 2022

 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.Bxf7+ 


4...Kxf7 5.Nxe5+ Nxe5 6.Qh5+ Ke6 


7.f4 g6 

Intuitive or played as a reflex, this move kicks the enemy Queen - which is a good idea, in general - but does not accomplish much.

8.Qxe5+ Kf7 9.Qxh8 

The Database has 46 games with this position, with White notably scoring 79%. 

White is ahead the exchange and two pawns, but "won" games rarely win themselves in bullet. He must continue his efforts - starting with moving his Queen out of the corner, in order to avoid future mishaps.

9...Qh4+ 

Queen counter attack.

10.g3 Qh5 11.Qe5 Qg4 

Black understands that exchanging Queens will not help him, but in avoiding the swap he overlooks something.

12.Qxc5 d6 13.Qf2 Bd7 14.O-O Rf8


Black is close to castling-by-hand.

White is material ahead, but most of it is undeveloped.

The clock is ticking.

15.e5 dxe5 

It is a secret that many Jerome Gambiteers know and take advantage of - many defenders can not ignore the chance to exchange pawns, even when it opens lines against themselves.

16.fxe5+ Ke8 17.Qxf8  checkmate